Motor development 0-5 years
First, it is important to mention that each child develops at their own pace and that the items described below are reference standards that experts established by global averages.
Several factors come into play in the development of a child (child's temperament, sources and pacing, problems during pregnancy or childbirth, family environment, etc..) And its individual factors may positively or negatively influence the development of a child.
It is possible that your child walks to 4 feet to 11 months instead of 9 months conventional. This would not necessarily say that it has delayed motor development. Physiotherapy, rather we look if the child has the prerequisites needed to pass a more advanced stage of development.
If he does not have the prerequisites, then we will work in physiotherapy to provide additional support for it to develop harmoniously. It is also important to note that it is between 7 and 10 months we see the greatest variability in the motor development of children.
Here are the major motor milestones of children 0 to 5 years.
Motor development 0 to 5 years:
1 month:
On the back, baby turns his head towards the light and the objects black and white contrasts. It kicks its feet in the air.
On his stomach, he takes off his nose to be able to turn the head sideways. The head is usually turned sideways.
At this age, he still sleeps a lot, even on the day.
2 months:
On the back, baby's eyes follow objects and lights, turning his head to one side or the other. It is much more awake and the eyes are looking for objects. He still gives kicks. Baby is still having trouble keeping his head in the center and is more often turned to one side or the other.
On his stomach, he raises his head to 30-45 degrees from horizontal.
3 months:
On the back, baby bring hands toward the center (on his belly), which promotes the exploration of her body. It starts out holding his head in the center and be able to return the chin to look at an object on his stomach. His hands are generally open. He managed to hold a rattle in his hand, but do not yet know what to do.
Lying on his stomach, he raises his head between 45 and 60 degrees from the horizontal support and takes on the forearm for a few seconds. It is able to keep his head when the center of the belly.
It can accidentally turn front to back.
4 months:
Baby plays with his hands and knees can touch. It is capable of taking an object height with the help of his two hands. The head is centered and can move in all directions. He carries everything in his mouth.
It begins to be able to turn to the side by bending your legs to her abdomen. He has not the strength to turn completely on its belly.
On the belly, it raises the forearm and made slight weight shifts. The head is adjusted to 90 degrees from horizontal.
Sometimes it runs front to back, but it happened by accident due to excessive rotation of the head.
5 months:
On the back, baby bring the feet in their mouths. He manages to turn sideways and holds objects firmly in his hands. He usually uses both hands to grasp an object. On the back, it can also grow with the help of his feet to lift her pelvis.
On his stomach, he stands on hands or forearms and raises his head completely. In this position, it can also make transfers weight and sway gently from side to side.
It generally succeeds in turning front to back, but it's still mostly by accident.
When seated, he began to hold the position for a few seconds when pressed on his hands forward.
6 months:
It rolls from back to belly and usually likes to be on the belly. In this position, it can release one hand to take an object placed beside him. He even sometimes rotate or reverse.
Baby can lie on the side and play in this position. He likes least look back on the back because the prone position is her favorite.
Your child is seated with one hand support and parental supervision. He will frequently fall on the sides or back.
7 months:
At this age, baby is moving more to explore the environment instead of merely taking the toys given to him.
He did not stay long on the back because he likes being on her stomach and moves by pivoting or crawling.
He is sitting without support and is able to play in this position.
It can sometimes start to get to 4 feet and swing.
8 months:
No more baby on his back, he turned on his stomach and likes to sit or to play with 4 legs. He plays less on the stomach than seven months because he prefers the sitting position.
Baby starts to 4 feet, holds the position and moves in this position.
It is sitting upright with legs stretched and may take the position 4 feet from the seated position. He starts to voluntarily release the objects, and manipulates them, transfer them from one hand to another and may release them in a bucket. He managed to hit two objects together.
The child may succeed to draw up with the help of his arms and a sofa for example. It may also attempt to climb on a stool or on the stairs, but it has not yet aware of the danger. Close monitoring is essential.
9 months:
Several variations can be observed at this age in children. Depending on whether a child is or engine more observant, two children with the same skills do not demonstrate the same activities and same stage of development.
Generally, baby moves easily with 4 legs.
It may hold the kneeling position if it is a piece of furniture or a small bench. He may try to climb on a stool or on the stairs, but it has not yet aware of the danger. Close monitoring is essential.
He gets up standing with a hand support on furniture, running laterally to furniture and stands with support of one or both hands. This is often the preferred position. From a standing position, he begins to learn to sit down with control.
When seated, he rarely stays in a static position and likes to release toys and drop them on the ground. Sometimes at this age that children use the sitting position in W. Although it is normal to take this position a few times, it should not be used frequently because this position overstates the hip rotation and can even cause instability of the knees. We must therefore correct the child when making this habit and reduce its legs forward.
10-11 months:
At this age, a child likes to manipulate toys and emptying and filling containers. He begins to point with his index finger.
It changes a lot from one position to another (sitting, four legs, standing, crouching, kneeling, etc.).
The four legs rest his main mode of locomotion and now he climbs the stairs and easily on a small bench. He begins to realize the danger to recognize which object is too high to climb and which is not.
He can now hold their knees without hand support.
He also plays upright support with one hand to control his balance. Sometimes it can stand with the trunk supported on a table and manipulate an object with both hands. It is able to squat to pick up objects on the ground.
12 months:
Baby plays in a crouched position and begins to descend after climbing on a stool.
He returned again to 4 feet when he wants to move quickly.
He rose upright with or without support and begin walking independently. The autonomous walking occurs between 12 and 18 months depending on the stages of development attained by the child. It is important to mention that some babies walk at 10 months and others at 15-16 months depending on the tone of each child, his external stimuli, personal experience, character and other factors. As mentioned earlier, the important thing is that every child succeeds the earlier stages of development before starting another.
13-15 months:
Baby continues to develop walking without support. It happens to carry objects in his hands. Falls are often more numerous at this age, but the child is rarely wrong, as he learns to fall, although it has acquired the protective reactions.
It is important that baby grows well the muscles in his feet so the arch of her feet are formed (the arch is complete at 4-5 years). To get the best solution is to walk your child barefoot on the floor, in the grass or sand. The rigid boots are not necessary at this age, because they can make the foot "lazy" and the muscles of the legs does not quite work if they are "trapped" in a shoe all day.
He can play in a squatting position.
Sometimes it moves further to 4 feet when he wants to move faster.
18 months:
Children this age are usually able to step over a small obstacle (height 5cm) without falling. They carry objects while walking, start walking backwards and begin the race (looks more like a brisk walk).
They climb the stairs alone, holding on to the banister with one or both hands and is down to four legs, buttocks or standing sideways leaning on the railing with both hands.
They are able to sit alone on a small chair or adult chair.
They rise and fall of a single truck wheels.
24 months:
The child is now able to run and to brake without losing balance or falling.
It takes a few seconds on tiptoe and is now hitting a ball with the foot without holding on. He starts to throw a ball with both hands.
On the stairs, he is able to mount and to descend alone while holding onto the railing with one hand without alternating feet.
He starts jumping up and jumps on the top step of stairs one foot ahead of the other.
3 years:
The child is changing direction, around obstacles and up or down slopes.
He stands on one foot momentarily time with his parents to remove her stockings, for example.
He climbs the stairs with one hand supporting alternating feet, but descends with full support alternate feet.
The child is now able to move and steer tricycle and loves climbing the modules to the park. He now jumps to the top step of stairs with both feet together and made several successive jumps on both legs.
He throws the ball well and catch occasionally.
4 years:
At this age, a child can balance on one foot for about 5 seconds.
It goes up and down stairs without support, alternating feet.
It happens to jump with both feet together in hoops and be successful from January to May consecutive jumps on one foot. He jumps from the height of a stool or chair adult.
With a ball, he can throw and catch with or without rebound and starts throwing and catching a tennis ball. It can also hit him with one foot.
He drives a bicycle with training wheels and small loves climbing the monkey bars at the park.
5 years:
The child of this age can balance on one foot between 5 and 10 seconds.
He jumps from May to October on one foot, he can play hopscotch and hopping on the spot.
It starts small bike without training wheels and is now able to be part of a sports team and understand the rules of the game
He throws and catches a tennis ball with or without rebound.